Go vs Rust 效能深度對比：2026 年最新基準測試數據說話

use std::io::Write;

fn main() {
    let width = 5000;
    let height = 5000;
    let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(width * height / 8);

    for y in 0..height {
        let ci = 2.0 * y as f64 / height as f64 - 1.0;
        for x_bit in 0..(width / 8) {
            let mut byte = 0u8;
            for x_inner in 0..8 {
                let x = (x_bit * 8 + x_inner) as usize;
                let cr = 2.0 * x as f64 / width as f64 - 1.5;
                let mut zr = 0.0f64;
                let mut zi = 0.0f64;
                let mut escaped = false;
                for _ in 0..50 {
                    let zr2 = zr * zr;
                    let zi2 = zi * zi;
                    if zr2 + zi2 > 4.0 {
                        escaped = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    zi = 2.0 * zr * zi + ci;
                    zr = zr2 - zi2 + cr;
                }
                if !escaped {
                    byte |= 1 << (7 - x_inner);
                }
            }
            buf.push(byte);
        }
    }
    let stdout = std::io::stdout();
    let mut handle = stdout.lock();
    write!(handle, "P4\n{} {}\n", width, height).unwrap();
    handle.write_all(&buf).unwrap();
}

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    width := 5000
    height := 5000
    w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "P4\n%d %d\n", width, height)

    for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
        ci := 2.0*float64(y)/float64(height) - 1.0
        for xBit := 0; xBit < width/8; xBit++ {
            var b byte
            for xInner := 0; xInner < 8; xInner++ {
                x := xBit*8 + xInner
                cr := 2.0*float64(x)/float64(width) - 1.5
                zr, zi := 0.0, 0.0
                escaped := false
                for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
                    zr2 := zr * zr
                    zi2 := zi * zi
                    if zr2+zi2 > 4.0 {
                        escaped = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    zi = 2*zr*zi + ci
                    zr = zr2 - zi2 + cr
                }
                if !escaped {
                    b |= 1 << uint(7-xInner)
                }
            }
            w.WriteByte(b)
        }
    }
    w.Flush()
}

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
struct ApiResponse {
    status: String,
    total: u64,
    items: Vec<Item>,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
struct Item {
    id: u64,
    name: String,
    tags: Vec<String>,
    metadata: serde_json::Value,
}

fn main() {
    let json_data = std::fs::read_to_string("test.json").unwrap();

    for _ in 0..100_000 {
        let response: ApiResponse = serde_json::from_str(&json_data).unwrap();
        // 反序列化是零拷貝的，字串不重新分配
        assert_eq!(response.total, 256);
    }
}

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "os"
)

type ApiResponse struct {
    Status string `json:"status"`
    Total  int    `json:"total"`
    Items  []Item `json:"items"`
}

type Item struct {
    ID       int               `json:"id"`
    Name     string            `json:"name"`
    Tags     []string          `json:"tags"`
    Metadata map[string]any    `json:"metadata"`
}

func main() {
    data, _ := os.ReadFile("test.json")

    for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
        var response ApiResponse
        json.Unmarshal(data, &response)
        // 每次反序列化都產生大量堆分配
    }
}

use actix_web::{get, App, HttpServer, HttpResponse};

#[get("/json")]
async fn json_handler() -> HttpResponse {
    HttpResponse::Ok().json(serde_json::json!({
        "message": "Hello, World!",
        "status": "ok"
    }))
}

#[get("/plaintext")]
async fn plaintext_handler() -> &'static str {
    "Hello, World!"
}

#[actix_web::main]
async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    HttpServer::new(|| {
        App::new()
            .service(json_handler)
            .service(plaintext_handler)
    })
    .bind("0.0.0.0:8080")?
    .workers(num_cpus::get())
    .run()
    .await
}

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func jsonHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
        "message": "Hello, World!",
        "status":  "ok",
    })
}

func plaintextHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
    w.Write([]byte("Hello, World!"))
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/json", jsonHandler)
    http.HandleFunc("/plaintext", plaintextHandler)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func fibonacci(n int) int {
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
}

func main() {
    results := make(chan int, 100000)
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func(n int) {
            defer wg.Done()
            results <- fibonacci(n % 30)
        }(i)
    }

    go func() {
        wg.Wait()
        close(results)
    }()

    sum := 0
    for r := range results {
        sum += r
    }
    fmt.Println("Sum:", sum)
}

use tokio::task;

fn fibonacci(n: u32) -> u64 {
    if n <= 1 {
        return n as u64;
    }
    let mut a: u64 = 0;
    let mut b: u64 = 1;
    for _ in 2..=n {
        let temp = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = temp;
    }
    b
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let mut handles = Vec::with_capacity(100_000);

    for i in 0..100_000u32 {
        handles.push(tokio::spawn(async move {
            fibonacci(i % 30)
        }));
    }

    let mut sum: u64 = 0;
    for handle in handles {
        sum += handle.await.unwrap();
    }
    println!("Sum: {}", sum);
}

package main

// #cgo LDFLAGS: -L./lib -lrust_engine
// #include "rust_engine.h"
import "C"

func ProcessData(input []byte) []byte {
    // 呼叫 Rust 編譯的高效能計算模組
    result := C.process_data(
        (*C.char)(unsafe.Pointer(&input[0])),
        C.size_t(len(input)),
    )
    defer C.free_result(result)
    return C.GoBytes(unsafe.Pointer(result.data), C.int(result.len))
}